Cell Phone Use Among Children - 1040 Words

We have all seen the moody, introverted child with music blasting out of his headphones, or the girl rapidly texting on her phone. The youth of today is constantly immersed in technological advancements which promotes non stop communication and brings instant gratification. The question is, how are these technological advancements, cell phones in particular, affecting the youth? The rapid increase in cell phone use amongst children has caused not only nomophobia, but has also hindered communication skills and has isolated individuals from reality. Before there were any devices invented for communication individuals used drums, drew pictures and used telegraphs as a way to contact people. As time passed, the form of communication changed to writing letters, scrolls and books. But it took weeks for the letters to arrive which forced people to come up with a more efficient way to deliver mail. Horses were eventually trained to carry the letters to individuals which had seemed to satisfy everyone for a while. However, as more time elapsed, communication methods would have to change. A man by the name of Samuel Morse came up with the idea of morse code. Morse Code is â€Å"the usage of sound waves through electrical transmissions, which created the term telephone. The term applied to any device used in sending sound over a distance (Chou, A).† It wasn’t until 1899 when William Gray invented the payphone, that people began to realize how much easier it was toShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Cell Phones1159 Words   |  5 PagesAre Cell Phones Destroying a Generation? The onset of cell phones has had a great impact in the modern society, and especially the millennials or the teens, and as such it has led to the destruction of a generation. It is apparent that what researchers call the iGen, people born between the year 1995 and the year 2012, depend greatly on their cell phones and their well-being majorly depends on their cell phones (Twenge 188). Researchers also prove that the iGen value their cell phones more thatRead MorePros And Cons Of Teenage Cell Phone Use1023 Words   |  5 PagesPros and Cons of Teenage Cell Phone Use Cell phones have become a major part of people’s lives. They are probably one of the biggest inventions when it comes to communication because of the many functions that they are capable of performing. The use of cell phones has become especially popular among teens as it is a major part of teenage social life. One source states that â€Å"22 percent of children ages 6 to 9 own a cell phone; 60 percent of tweens ages 10 to 14 own a phone, and 84 percent of teensRead MoreThe Increasing Rate Of Mobile Phones1080 Words   |  5 Pagesincreasing rate of mobile phone use can be detrimental and can cause many health related issues among adolescents. According to WebMD (2016), children and kids spend more than seven hours a day on their phones, which is nearly fifty hours per week. Nowadays, many children and kids are exposed to cell phones as being part of their daily lives: texting, calling, using them as alarm clocks, listening to music, watching videos, playing games etc. The radioactive waves exposed from cell phones poses many potentialRead MoreMobile Phone1189 Words   |  5 PagesStudy of Mobile Phone Usage Among the Teenagers And Youth In Philippines An undergraduate Thesis Presented to The Faculty of College of Management and Business Technology In partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Subject Research I By: CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND 1.1 Introduction Mobile phones have become very popular in recent years and their development has been amazing. It is no wonder why they have become irreplaceable. With all applications whichRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effects On Society940 Words   |  4 Pages Cell phones have been around for hundreds of years. It’s no surprise that more and more people are beginning to partake in cellphone use. Cell phones provide society with an easier way of communicating and obtaining information, but at the same time there are some negative consequences. What most people don’t realize is that cellphones are actually quite harmful to modern society. Scientifically cellphones emit radiations that can potentially produce fatal results. Overall cellphones haveRead MoreCell Phones Should Not Be Banned1299 Words   |  6 PagesThe usage of a cell phone is dramatically increasing today, especially for students. 98% of parents of cell-owning teens say that a major factor why their child has a cell phone is so that they can be in touch no matter where the child is. That statement can be true, but considering that we’re living in the 21st century, do we really think that’s the biggest reason why students own cell phones, just to make calls and keep in touch with their fellow parents? Keep in mind, it’s the 2016-more advancedRead MoreCell Phone Use While Driving1503 Words   |  7 Pagesattending children in the backseat? Once you pull along the side you realize that was not the case, instead you notice the driver has a cellular telephone up to her or his ear chatting away, or even worse you pass and see the driver holding a phone texting, you pass by and you feel so discussed.†(Noder, Shannon L., 2010) Cell phones are among the most popular electronic devices used in the US, especially while conducting a motor vehicle. Cell phone use while driving has become very popular among the pastRead MoreCell Phones And Their Possession At School Essay1593 Words   |  7 PagesCell phones in schools Researchers show in today’s society that there is a higher rate of students having cell phones at school than in prior years. There are many pros and cons to children having cell phones in their possession at school. According to Maya Cohen, a 2010 Pew Research Center found that 65 percent of cell owning teens bring their phones to school despite any bans that may be in place. It is up to the child to know the rules and regulations when carrying a phone at school, and it isRead MoreCyberbullying: The New Form Of Bullying. When Sending Our1661 Words   |  7 PagesCyberbullying: The New Form of Bullying When sending our children to school we expect them to be able to learn without distractions, but bullying makes that impossible. Bullying has been recognized as a problem for school children globally. In fact, school bullying has proven to be a risk factor for suicide, which has been identified as one of the top causes of death among teens (Erick Messias, 2014). Now that bullying and its importance has been acknowledged as a critical concern, several preventionRead MoreTechnology Has Changed The Way People Communicate983 Words   |  4 PagesOver the years, technology has changed the way people communicate. Originally the telephone replaced the telegraph. Today cell phones, email and the Internet top the list of preferred communication methods in society. As more businesses and educational institutions use technology to communicate, society seems to have accepted, if not embraced, the increased role technology now plays in daily lives. Age has an impact on an individual s preferred method of communication. Communication today is entirely

Apology For The Bridge - Original Writing - 1538 Words

Albert had offered his apology for the bridge, saying it was his idea to block the roadway. That he along with James, Mitch, Blake, and Laura had dammed the bridge just yesterday after noticing that most of the zombies they’d been getting around the school were coming from within the town. By damming the bridge it allowed them to isolate the school on the east side of the creek. Albert went on to say that there were only a few zombies that they had to deal with having made it over the bridge the first day. But they had assumed more would come. Billy then thought of the corpses he saw lying along the first base fence line on one of the baseball diamonds just outside of the school. As Albert went on he said, â€Å"So when we noticed that†¦show more content†¦They rode the golf cart to the west end of town and then set off some of the explosives. Having detonated the bombs they got every zombie within a five-mile radius headed in their direction and away from the school . A few minutes after hearing the explosions, Albert said that he, James, and Laura went to work. They quickly got the excavator hot-wired and then did the same to the NYSEG truck that was parked on the side of the road with a flatbed full of concrete dividers. James swung the truck over to the west side of the bridge and parked it horizontally blocking the entrance. He then used the excavator to tip the truck over on its side, spilling the dividers and creating a makeshift dam of debris. He and James then used a couple of chain saws to cut down tree limbs from the oaks and pines that lined the embankment of Black Bottom Creek. With the help of Laura they used them to fill in any gaps in the blockade, thereby completely closing off any remaining entryways they could see becoming problematic. The last thing they had time to do before the dead started making their way back over to the bridge after having heard all the clamor, was to slide in some fence posting. They then wrapped the p osts with cattle wire hooking it all up to a series of car batteries via jumper cables and an amplifier. At that point Johnny said, â€Å"Yeah, I found that one out the hard way,† as he gave a wince while looking down at his palm, which

McDonald Case Study Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the McDonald Case Study. Answer: Classical Elements- The classical theory ofmanagement seeks to increase organizational production that is based on efficiency. The classical theory is based on three main assumptions; lower levels of management, administrative management andbureaucratic management (Witzel Warner, 20130. The lower level management focused on improving productivity while the administrative focus was on improving efficiency of the whole organization. Thebureaucratic management eliminates managerial hurdles and ensures continuity in the office. McDonald has used the classical approach in improving organizational efficiency when it restructured the organizational structure. The five top performing markets were reconfigured into one unit. This was a radical departure from the previous consideration of geographical grouping. This has allowed for the countries to learn from each others experiences and this has improved organizational efficiency. The experiences of the leaders in the market are being leveraged as it charts the way forward into new markets. Behavioral Elements- The behavioral theory is based on the assumption that organizational productivity is based on improved human relations at the work place. The employee and their productivity are influenced by factors such as motivation, group dynamics, conflict and expectations (Witzel Warner, 2013). Other factors include collaboration and coordination between employees as well as self-management in order to improve efficiency and productivity by employees. They are viewed as resources that need to be developed in order to improve production and efficiency. McDonald has used the behavioral approach in making it less complicated for its employees to deliver customer expectations. The focus has shifted from the cozy functionality of its restaurants to the employee. The increased nimbleness of the employee in serving the customer faster has become the new focus. Employees are no longer all-things-to-all people, but they are paired with what they do best. The best approach that McDonald can use is the contingency theory that integrates considerations of the classical and behavioral theories. The company is mechanistic being in the fast food industry where most processes are repetitive and mechanical. The classical approach is helpful in improving efficiency in the areas of centralization, work specialization, span of control and centralization (Scott, 2013).The work specialization and span of control is narrow, while the centralization is centralized. The formalization is high in McDonalds with most of the services globally being standardized. The classical theory will help standardize the and globally in terms of quality and service delivery. The behavioral theory can be utilized in improving the welfare of the employees who are considered as input resources in the organization. The input of human resources is what transforms the goods or services that form the business process of the company into the brand that can be identified (Scott, 2013). With greater mechanization projected in the future, proper preparation of employees to work with automation is critical for McDonalds. Couple with the classical approach of management, the two theories can help the company to transform its organizational process while improving relations with its employees. This will help to keep the company competitive an environment that is rapidly changing. References Scott, J. (2013). The Concise Handbook of Management : A Practitioner's Approach. Binghamton: Routledge. Witzel, M., Warner, M. (2013). The Oxford handbook of management theorists. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Kraft Foods Group Case Study

Introduction The Porter’s Five Forces analysis is a model that seeks to determine particular aspects within a given industry. The five forces that this model evaluates include the bargaining power of buyers and seller, the industry entry limitations that exist, which acts as barriers to new entrants willing to join the industry, as well as the available substitute products.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Kraft Foods Group Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They also seek to evaluate the general competition within the industry. These are important dimensions for any business enterprise as they offer the basis upon which the business’ strategy can be drawn out. This paper uses this model to analyze the foods industry in general, while analyzing the Kraft Foods Group in particular. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis Buyers’ bargaining power Buyers’ bargaining power, especially on Kraft Foods Group, is comparatively high. Owing to the fact that quite a significant number of food commodities manufactured by the company are mostly undifferentiated, consumers generally are more price-sensitive (Enz, 2010). For instance, a decision by Kraft Foods Group to raise the price on its cereals brand would push customers into searching for a complimentary priced substitute. The diverse product portfolio of the company equally contributes to the bargaining power of its buyers. The company cannot easily switch their suppliers for the mere fact that such a move would have adverse effects on the taste. Another high bargaining power aspect of the buyers originates from the large retail stores that purchase the food products from Kraft Foods Group. The huge volume of food commodity that these stores purchase from the company makes them enjoy a higher bargaining power because of the advantage of economies of scale that such a huge purchase warrants. Suppliers’ bargain ing power The main raw materials required by Kraft Foods Group to sustain their production are mainly commodities. These have quite a huge supplier base, basing on their simplicity, as well as their general availability. The commodities include sugar, dairy products, cereal grains, vegetable oils, fruits, meats, vegetables, as well as packaging materials and different other agricultural products. Thus, the bargaining power of the suppliers is low (Pershing, 2006). In some other instances, the food companies have managed to recycle their packaging tools, a factor that further lowers the bargaining power of the suppliers.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another aspect that lowers the bargaining power for the suppliers is the actions by Kraft Foods Group to hedge such risk as increasing commodity prices. The company achieves this by using futures, options, as well as adopting f orward cash contracts. Such actions enable the company to limit risks, especially during extreme price movements concerning the commodities that they commonly require to sustain their production. Entry barriers The entry barrier into the food market by new players is high. The market structure is oligopolistic, which makes it highly challenging for new entrants to compete with the established firms. For instant, the breakfast cereal segment is dominated by Kraft Foods, General Mills, Kellog, and Quaker Oats (O’Connor, 2004). The net effect for this kind of a market structure is the need for high capital, extensive research, as well as national wide advertising, all of which are costly to achieve especially for a new company that obviously faces the challenge of limited capital. Another entry barrier emanates from the brand loyalties that the successful and already existing players have managed to build. This would make it difficult for the new entrants to convince the buyers and win them over from their competitors (O’Connor, 2004). Kraft Foods Group is highly diversified, which is a factor that affords economies of scale advantages. This is a barrier to entry for rival firms because the company has the capacity to operate at very low costs and offer its commodities at very low prices. Being the largest manufacturer of foods in the USA, the company offers foods in various categories, including meat, dairy, bakery, beverages, and confectionary. With such a wide scope of operation, the company enjoys high efficiencies in its activities that new entrants would definitely lack the power to compete against. Threat of substitute products There is a high threat of substitution in this industry. There are many other manufacturers whose products fall within the same market segment as those manufactured by Kraft Foods. Thus, buyers have a wide selection to choose from. There are also no switching costs as buyers will not incur any substantial costs for buy ing food from a different manufacturer.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Kraft Foods Group Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some of the companies that offer competition to Kraft Foods Group include Kellog, Quaker Oats, and General Mills (O’Connor, 2004). Kraft Foods Group continuously attempts to address the threat of the substitute products by undertaking differentiation of their products. This mainly focuses on adding value to the products such that the consumers may find them unique as compared to the products by other competitors (Ungson Wong, 2008). Industry rivalry Rivalry within the food industry is relatively high. This is because the major players in the industry are the ones competing at close range. These companies have almost an equal share of the market and spend almost the same amount of capital in their production. Because customers of these companies have developed long term bra nd loyalty to their respective brands, the players are engaged in intense rivalry to win customers and obtain their loyalty (Greene et al., 2009). Conclusion The food industry in the USA has both high and low degrees of the various dimensions used by Porter in evaluating the competitive force within an industry. The bargaining power of the buyers is high because of a number of factors. Firstly, commodities manufactured by Kraft Foods Group are largely undifferentiated, which makes price to be a critical factor. Food stores also purchase large volumes of stock, which affords them a higher bargaining power. Suppliers have lower bargaining power because mostly the raw materials are commodities that are readily available, and there are many suppliers in the market. However, the entry barriers to the industry are high as the major players have invested a lot in terms of diversification. This affords them economies of scale, which virtually makes their operating costs to remain low. Brand loyalty also poses as a challenge to new entrants. Industry rivalry is high because the market is oligopolistic in nature, meaning the leading players have an almost equal magnitude in terms of market share and capital. These players, thus, try their best to outwit their competitors and expand their market share.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Finally, the threat of substitution is also high. There are many companies that manufacture almost the same range of products into the market. Because there exists no switching costs, customers can easily shift allegiance to the rival product provided it satisfies their needs and expectations. References Enz, C. A. (2010). The Cornell School of Hotel Administration handbook of applied hospitality strategy. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publication Inc. Greene, C. et al. (2009). Emerging issues in the United States organic industry. New York, NY: Department of Ariculture O’Connor, D. E. (2004). The basics of economics. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Pershing, J. (2006). Handbook of human performance technology: principles, practices, and potential. San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer Ungson, G. R., Wong, Y. (2008). Global strategic management. New York, NY: M.E. Sharpe, Inc. This essay on Kraft Foods Group Case Study was written and submitted by user Jimena H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Objectivity vs. Subjectivity

Objectivity vs. Subjectivity Introduction People have the ability to choose between objectivity and subjectivity. Objectivity refers to the ability to judge issues from a personal perspective. Objective thinkers see beyond what other people say. According to Pillar, objectivity is intelligence because it provides room for rational thinking and reasoning beyond the ordinary (par. 2). On the other hand, subjective thinkers merely rely on the reasoning of scholars and experts in various fields.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Objectivity vs. Subjectivity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, the fact that the sun rises from the East and settles in the West is a subjective reason. In essence, it is impossible for people to reason beyond the ordinary. Subjectivism does not incorporate logic or intelligence. This paper intends to discuss the possibility that people could be completely objective in thinking. Possibility of Being Completely Obj ective Social scientists explain that it is impossible to attain objectivity. People constantly look for knowledge in both primary and secondary sources. Research can never end, and this explains why it is impossible to be completely objective. Individuals will often criticize materials generated by social scientists and this explains how intelligence seeks proof from policies. Seeking intelligence is a natural process that signifies objective reasoning. It occurs in a cyclic manner and can never come to a possible conclusion. Kahneman and Tversky argued that people would often distort the world due to their overconfidence in explaining things. Most of them do not have solutions to the problem, but through collective efforts and using intelligence, people could find credible answers to various situations (Kahneman 15). In essence, intelligence has no limits. Importance of Intelligence to the Intelligence Community Objectivity should be a vital trait for the intelligence community si nce they have to create a connection between different aspects in life. They include crime, politics, education, and culture. The intelligence unit demands complete commitment from objective individuals. In most cases, they could apprehend an innocent person without assessing other possibilities. Intelligence creates a boundary between propaganda, public relations, and sentiments from normal political rallies. Without objectivity, it would be impossible to assess the intelligence of such experts while in the field (Ehrman et al. 7). The intelligence community comprises of people from different socioeconomic backgrounds. Most of them view ideologies differently, as nature and nurture most of them dissimilarly. Objectivity and Subjectivity Objective and subjective reasoning apply to different people in the society. Besides politics, religion raises many questions among populations. Faith is a personal decision since in the society atheists exist. They do not believe in any religion be cause they have personal ideologies against this concept. Certain individuals advocate for Protestantism while others purely focus on Catholicism. Eastern religions equally play a significant role in the society, especially Buddhism.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Some people question the ideologies or policies of certain religions. This happens when they want to join the sect, or when they want to criticize it. On the other hand, many people belong to no religion because after assessing most religions, they find atheism as the most appealing option. Religions have different traditions that their inventors formulate. Other people do not question religions since they uphold a subjective thought process (Ehrman et al. 22). Most of these individuals embrace religions that their predecessors initiated. Others blindly follow religious ideologies because their societies sup port such religions. Today, countless religious beliefs exist and people follow the ones they find comfortable. From this perspective, objectivity and subjectivity strongly apply in religious settings. Objectivity has to exist because people have the freedom of worship. On the other hand, subjectivity prevails because conservative communities exist. Conclusion Experts equate objectivity to intelligence since people often strive to reach the highest level of intelligence that they cannot achieve. When an expert develops an idea, people will generate different opinions and fallacies to challenge such reasoning. People are naturally different and intelligence is inherent to an individual. This offers the ability to object or support certain ideologies in the society. Ehrman, John, Hayden Peake, Martin Petersen, and Igor Lukes. Studies in Intelligence. Journal of the American Intelligence Professional 55.1 (2011): 1-50. Print. Kahneman, Daniel. Two Brains Running. The New York Times 25 Nov. 2011: 12-17. Print. Pillar, Paul R.. Chapter 29: The Perils of Politicization. UC Irvine: School of Social Sciences. N.p., 3 Mar. 2010. Web.

Google Case Investments

Google Case Investments The investment on the android systems did not profit Google Corporation. Google had publicly declared that its original objective was not driven by profit. Google makes 2.67 billion from android mobile, which is far less than its total revenue. Android applications reached 900 million by 2013 with 48 million applications signed each day. The increase did not influence the growth in revenue for Google.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Google Case: Investments specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company has a lot of issues to tackle and cannot strategize on making a profit on Android mobile. Google makes its revenue from signing third-party applications daily. Android Smartphones is sold daily, and in 2013 Google projected a sale of 789,000 Android Smartphones. This statistic accounts for the financial benefits derived from android systems. Revenue 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Net income [millions] 4,226,858 6,520,448 8,505 9,737 10,737 Android users [millions] 7 200 484 700 The acquisition of Motorola was a huge loss for Google. Google acquired Motorola because of its patent rights. Google believed that the market strategy would give the organization a competitive advantage in the global market. It turned out to be a big failure. After trading $13 billion in the investment, Google started a restructure program that made it sell most of its stock in Motorola. This move did not pay well for Google Corporation. With the reorganization in progress, Google sold major departments in Motorola. Operations unit was sold for $75million, while the home outfit was sold for $2.35 billion. Google sacked 5000 workers in Motorola corporations, a move condemned by major market analyst. Google Corporation relies on Motorola’s patent license to create more revenues. The acquisition did not achieve its objective because the estimates revealed a near loss in the initial revenue. The sales of major depa rtments did not sum the investment capital for Motorola. Open source software means the user-ability to run the program for any task. The open source approach can be categorized in four ways. The free use of the application The free knowledge of study. Redistribution and copyrights. The freedom to modify the software for other uses. This means the source codes are available for any user. Thus, the advantage of the open source approach includes:Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is stable: Modification of software keeps the manufactures in the business. The open source approach is stable without frequent modifications. The user decides if he or she will update the system or software to meet a specific task. Thus, each update is a choice for the user. The advantage limits the cost of buying update versions of the software. The consumer is tempted to accept modific ation without a need. This situation is reduced with the open source approach. Cost: The cost of use is low and its users are not affected by purchase charges. The need for documenting the number of copies and ownership is avoided thus, reducing the cost of the software. Flexible: Another advantage of the open source approach is in its usage. While other software manufactures emphasize the use of the software for different systems, open source software permits its use with different products. The software is not limited to its product and can be associated with ease. This advantage provides benefits to the users of open source software. End-user support: Open source approach provides the user with training support. Unlike other software providers, open source satisfy the users curiosity where the program is incompatible. Some software providers release free versions of their software and generate high revenue when users apply for support. This trend is reduced with an open source ap proach. Although it is difficult to put the blame on anyone in the open source approach, the free support reduces the problems encountered. Reliable: Open source approach reduces the defects encountered. Most users complain of different defects with their applications, and this takes time to fix. Open source bugs can be fixed by any developer in minutes because the source code is available. This enables a developer to work on a particular bug and save time.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Google Case: Investments specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Accountable: Open source software can be verified during its usage. It is difficult to verify the claims of quality on closed-source applications, but this is different with open source models. The availability of its source code provides the confidence in the manufacturer’s claim. The claims can be audited by any developer or user with technical information. The net sales rose by 7.6% and the estimated projections provided a strong user support. The partnership increased the avenues of profit for Google Corporation. Apple terminated the partnership with Google maps and introduced its applications. The replacement is not user-friendly, thus, reducing its usage. Google will capitalize on this defect to reconsider its partnership with other third-party manufacturers. This strategy will promote its use and increase Google’s revenue. The project will increase the revenue projection by 18.9%. Google can harness its services with Motorola mobility. This will improve services rendered. The increase in the production of Motorola Smartphones will increase Google’s strength in connecting people. Google can create technologies that will displace similar competitors. Motorola Corporation is a positive platform to test Google’s strength.

Stem Education Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Stem Education - Term Paper Example STEM education is a very different from education that deals with a different approach to learning and teaching so as to integrate the overall content of technology, mathematics, science, and engineering. The practice standards of this specific type of education are aligned towards a behavioral combination that needs to be present to the students who are undergoing such form of learning. The behaviors that are essential to a learning approach comprises of logical reasoning, investigation, inquiry, and collaboration (Hill, Bloom, Black & Lipsey, 2008).The major aim of such education is that the students should be proficient enough to answer various complex questions that are related to science, mathematics, technology, and engineering. The learning approaches for this form of education would be totally different in relation to the traditional education system (Stone, Alfeld & Pearson, 2008).The teaching procedure is based more on real life investigation where the students are taught m ultiple ways so as to investigate different kinds of global issues and create solutions that would be applicable for real-time problems and challenges. The STEM education is more focused towards developing the skills in the students which would help them to deal efficiently with real-time situations.The teachers who deliver this form of education needs to be continuously updated on the various changes that are taking place across the globe so that they are able to transmit the right information to their students.

Edward Hopper Style Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Edward Hopper Style - Essay Example The essay "Edward Hopper Style" discovers the application of Edward Hopper’s painting style to digital image manipulation. It was a time in which the people of France were attempting to gain a better lifestyle for themselves by demanding rights for the ‘common’ man as had been accomplished in America less than a generation earlier. In attempting to ‘accurately’ reflect life in all of its objective detail, French artists adopting a Realist approach worked to find the most ‘common’ examples of French life. They sought the people of the fields and villages and then depicted them in their most humble and mundane activities. The major ideas that fueled French realism are discussed within the writings of two different but influential artists of the period, Gustave Courbet and Ferdnand Leger. Only by understanding the principles of realism as they were developed in this first wave of artistic endeavor can one can begin to understand how they app lied to the world of America as it emerged from the bloodiest war fought on American soil and became the hallmark of one of America’s favorite artists, Edward Hopper. French artist Gustave Courbet (1819-1877) asserted that â€Å"painting is an essentially concrete art and can only consist in the representation of real and existing things†. In his art and in his philosophy, Courbet’s chief technical concern seems to be an abandonment of the ‘rules’ of art, at least to some degree, in favor of a more natural flow in both line and form. Courbet felt such rough elements.... In his art and in his philosophy, Courbet's chief technical concern seems to be an abandonment of the 'rules' of art, at least to some degree, in favor of a more natural flow in both line and form. Courbet felt such rough elements of the painting were more accurate in attempting to represent the moment as it existed as well as the emotion of the moment in which the piece was created or the scene was witnessed. His close association with the 'realism' of life as it was experienced by the humble peasantry as well as in his own careful observation of it helped Courbet develop a more intense identification with his subject. By 1850, his ideas regarding what was real in the world and in art were becoming more defined. This is clear in a letter he wrote to a friend, "' in our so very civilized society it is necessary for me to live the life of a savage. I must be free even of governments. The people have my sympathies, I must address myself to them directly" (cited in Insecula, 2008). With in the philosophy of his Realist Manifesto, Courbet states the goal of Realist art is "to translate the customs, the ideas, the appearance of my epoch according to my own estimation" (cited in Finnochio, 2004). Within this approach, it is clear that Courbet held a concept of the real that was based almost exclusively upon the previously unrepresented classes of society and their unreported and unknown daily experiences. Approaching art from this perspective, though, Courbet was equally guilty of making decisions regarding what to paint based upon his own inner conceptions of what was 'common' and 'unrepresented'. As a result, he was essentially making up his own definition of society and presenting this

Impotance of Discipline Essay Example for Free

Impotance of Discipline Essay Discipline is the basis of the whole universe. The Earth, the Sun, the Moon and other plane s, all are governed by a set of laws to maintain perfect harmony and beauty. There will be chaos without this order. Similarly, discipline is one of the basic requirements of a civilized life. Every society has to set certain norms for its people to maintain peace and order. The strength of a nation lies in discipline. It helps to make progress, fight external invasion and maintain national unity. Citizens of a disciplined nation work in a spirit of cooperation and utility. History tells us that whenever a country is torsi by internal strife, its morale drops and opportunist neighbour often takes advantage of the situation. However, discipline does not mean negation of personal liberty. It means a self- imposed discipline. In a democratic country like India, if people object to a certain law, then they can mobilize public opinion and force the Government to withdraw it. But it is possible only if they do not take the law in their own hands. They must act with restrain and organize peaceful agitation; otherwise there is every possibility of violence and threat to public and national property. The importance of discipline in educational institutions is well-recognized. Unfortunately, we notice that discipline in our schools and colleges has considerably declined, Students are disrespectful to their teachers; they misbehave in the classrooms organize strikes; take the law into their hands. This is certainly an alarming trend. Undoubtedly, it is discontentment that leads to breakdown of law and order. The urgent need of the hour is to make an in-depth study of the education system whether it is still relevant to our needs and growing population. In order to improve the atmosphere in the educational institutions the government must look into the genuine grievances of the teachers and the students. Over-crowded classrooms, poor teaching, poor salaries of the teachers all contribute to indiscipline and discontentment. The rapid growth in our population has led to more students seeking admission. The number of schools and colleges has not increased proportionately. Besides, to check the students from flocking to colleges, there is a need to vocationally education at the 10+2 stage, offer facilities for industrial and technical training after school to help them become self-reliant. This will also check the rising unemployment. Teaching, being a grossly under played job, does not attract the best and dedicated people. This affects the quality of teaching and makes students feel disillusioned. As a result they become restless and start cutting classes. The government has recently taken certain concrete steps to improve the situation. Discipline is the life -breath of the army. Military discipline imposes upon members of the armed forces a certain code of conduct. It demands of its officer’s loyalty to the country, a spirit of fellowship and a readiness to cope with an emergency. No army can fight successfully without discipline. The importance of discipline in the social and political life of a nation is also very great. An element of apathy and resignation has been the cause of our country still being so backward. We have made so much progress in technology and science, but still as people we have not been able to shake off our backwardness. Indians are known for their warmth and friendliness, yet they are narrow-minded, bigoted and indifferent One has only to go to government offices to see it. Workers shirk their duty, they are indifferent to their responsibilities, spend their office hours in canteen and pay no attention either to the long queues of people waiting or to the rising pile of unattended urgent files. Thus, the work accumulates. Both the public and the government suffer for their negligence. It is only when they will impose self-discipline and perform their duty with dedication that things will improve. People create chaos even in public places by their indiscipline behaviour. They show utter lack of order while boarding buses, trains. Out ¬side cinema halls, they promote malpractices in the form of black-marketing of tickets. Eve-teas ¬ing is another example of irresponsible behav ¬iour on the part of our youth. Today, women don’t feel safe in our cities because of unruly behaviour of goondas. In the political sphere also there is a need for discipline. Personal ambition and petty jealousy are the driving force for the men in power. This is a source of great pain to the people. The ruling party itself is divided by internal politics. It cannot set an example for the nation to follow. This has lowered the image of the ruling party in the eyes of the common man. The government must take immediate steps to improve its image and restore people’s faith in the party. This can be achieved only if each party member follows a certain code of ethics. Discipline is important even in the domestic life. Parents must raise their children in congenial atmosphere and teach them the right values. They should set an example for their children by leading orderly and peaceful lives. It is often seen that children from broken homes become very aggressive and indiscipline. They pose a danger to the society. Children must grow in secure, happy homes to become balanced adults, Perhaps the best service to the country lies in an effort of parents to bring up their children in a disciplined manner. Discipline though difficult is essential for personal growth as well as national prosperity. Absence of it can lead to failure, defeat and backwardness. Today in society, it is very important to learn to live in harmony with fellow human beings in a spirit of co-operation and mutual co-existence. All this is possible only if every individual follows a personal code of ethics and the one laid by the law for the prosperity of the nation and the progress of the society.

Business Intelligence :: essays research papers

Business Intelligence for competitive advantage In the beginning, businesses used information technology for automating the processes primarily to reduce labor costs. Subsequently, information technology is used for delivering information with speed and accuracy. Currently, businesses want to use the information effectively for competitive advantage to make better decisions that improve and optimize business processes, predict the market dynamics accurately, optimize forecasts to adequately maintain resources to name a few reasons. Businesses reached a critical juncture in global competition and the business intelligence capabilities and analytic prowess will play critical roles in the most competitive sectors of global economy. First of all, business intelligence analysis requires the capturing of information and storing in a single location for effective data analysis. Currently, data analysis is supported by transactional systems, business specific data marts, and other ad-hoc processes. Information is distributed making it difficult and time-consuming to access. Business teams have adapted to this environment by creating user maintained databases and manual â€Å"work-arounds† to support new types of reporting and analysis. This has resulted in inconsistent data, redundant data storage, significant resource use for maintenance, and inefficient response to changing business needs. A data warehouse comprised of disparate data sources enables the â€Å"single version of truth† through shared data repositories and standards and also provides access to the data that will expand frequency and depth of data analysis. Due to these reasons, data warehouse is the foundation for business intelligence. As a Technical Architect, I am involved in the design and development of the Enterprise Data Warehouse at Target. I and many of my colleagues worked hard to make the business case of the importance of the data warehouse and its value addition to the company.

Bachelors Capstome in Management

The project and the team that I have chosen for the job is that of a manufacturing business producing children's toys. When one is to evaluate such a business it is important to look upon to the management team for the business. The management team would include with it a number of professionals. One of the most important of such management teams would particularly be the consultants and the advisors for the company.The consultants or the management of the company would be one of those people whose main job and responsibility is to conduct market research effectively and then look upon how the current market demand can be fulfilled by the manufacturing firms. Apart from this team of the management may also include with them the management accountants. These accountants may also perform the roles of the financial analysts and they actively seek to look upon at the business and the current position of the firm to identify and evaluate the possible prospects from the various products th at the company usually has.In addition to this, the team may also have with it the production technicians or those individuals who are directly responsible towards managing the entire production line and how any possible slowdowns in the process of production can be amended and improved accordingly. Team Concepts and Group Dynamics: It is important to note that an effective team work is phenomenal for this team in order to produce promising output. As a result a great deal of care is taken in order to ensure that the team members have good relations with each other.One of the ways the team concepts are always and continuously strengthened is by reiterating it to the members as to how important it is for the team members to collaborate with each other. In addition to this, there can be a variety of activities outside the workplace which could also be conducted and which may prove really very helpful for the group members to strengthen and recognize their efforts as a team. Perhaps th ere could be outings arranged where the team management could meet up for movies or so to build good relations amongst the team members (Reeve, 2008).Apart form this; the team that has been chosen for the particular tasks tends to share a set of common values or norms. Perhaps the one reason why this sharing of the norms tends to happen is because the team chosen belongs to similar class background. In other words, since it is the management team, most of the people working within the team tend to be those having white collar highly professional jobs and are often paid more. As a result they belong to the same social class and as a result have similar backgrounds.This also implies that they often tend to think along the same lines and this makes decision among and approval much easier than it otherwise may be. Advantages: One of the most important advantages that the team would have is that there is a greater understanding between the managing team which will then collaborate easily and conveniently amongst itself. Also there may be proper rules and norms which would be clearly established. This may make simple tasks more easily and quickly to being carried out.For instance, the technical department head would have a direct contact with the head of marketing and therefore any problem with the product or changes needed could be easily communicated. Apart form this; working with such a cooperative team would make work less tiring and annoying. Rather it would make working more motivating. It is also likely that the team would be willing to take up more challenging tasks and to fulfill them with due hard work especially because they are so motivated and like working together as a team (Moore, 2004). Disadvantages:However, there may be a number of problems associated with having a strong collaborating team. One of it may be the fact that any outsider may feel it to being very difficult with adjusting with the team. Moreover, since the group already has norms estab lishing new ones may particularly be very difficult. Moreover, new ideas and creativity may also not very well be appreciated. I addition to this, there may also be some problems with group loafing whereby peplum may spend more time socializing and less time working on the job (Rae, 2007). Communication Network and Organization Culture:It is important to note that since the group may be tightly knit there may be a more dire need to adopt formal needs of communications. This is particularly important also because informal communicational network in such a group may mean that things might get out of hand. Thus it may be4 better to adopt and explain to the team a proper network which needs to be followed for the firm process to be effective. moreover, there may be a need for a somewhat flexible form of leadership mostly with the leader filling the role of a mere facilitator and the group members contributing in.this may also imply that the organizational structure would be more informa l but then a certain deal of care ought to be taken to insure that a certain degree of formality within the organization is maintained (Thomas, 2009). Strike Issue: Since the labor is unsatisfied and has been on strike the best option to adopt in this case may be to talk and try and placate and fulfill the demands as much as possible. Since half the labor hired has been laid off it might get helpful if the remaining one of the labor is paid a greater compensation. This may lead them to have an incentive to work harder.At this point in time it is also important to convince the labor, perhaps by allowing profit sharing from the amount of output obtained as a greater incentive to work harder. Apart form this; there may be a number of techniques which may help to increase their loyalty. Perhaps one of the many can also be greater job security and fringe benefits. Reference: Reeve J (2008). Understanding Motivation and Emotion, Wiley Thomas K (2009). Intrinsic Motivation at Work, Berret Koehler Publishers Rae, D (2007). Entrepreneurship: from opportunity to action, Palgrave Moore, G (2004). Inside the Tornado, Harper Paperbacks

Destroying Avalon Essay

(1) The pseudonym ‘AFriend† is ironic because the person by this name is not a friend however a bully which is sending Avalon messages about what the other girls think of her at school. (3) Being overwhelmed by the content of the email is quite normal for Avalon mainly because it was suggesting that she was not liked and that she was being bullied. (5) Avalon’s parents have positive attitudes and strong values towards education as their both teachers. (7) Mitch seem to be nice and friendly towards Avalon, as with Caleb who is the surfer laid back guy that treats Avalon in a friendly way. (9) Avalon’s bag was sabotaged following the netball match as a practical joke and harassment for Avalon it was one of the starting things they have done. Destroying Avalon (SHEET 3 ALL) Marshall believes Avalon can pull through the bullying which he has faced, but believes he may not be able to take much bullying as he was being beaten up. In the Chapter the ‘Liverpool kiss’ the gender stereotypes are challenged as Tamara knocks Brett’s lights out, it shows that she is a strong, brave person, not afraid of any strong guy. Avalon told her parents everything as she had lost control over her emotions and let everything pour out, she thought that it would be the right time to tell them. In chapter ‘the eye of destruction’, I believe Marshall is inside, huddled in  his room afraid of the bullies returning, afraid to leave his room. Marshal’s death is unexpected I was very confused. I thought no such thing would happen as he was very strong for Avalon. The use of repetition brings a sad realization of how horrible this act was, it brings Avalon horror and impact on her emotions, as death is a strong word, we would all act strongly with emotion towards it. Avalon blames herself as she believed the bullies only targeted Marshall as she ignored their attempts of her, thus finding a new prey. We learn from Marshall’s mother, that Marshall was a up and going young kid when in primary, excited for High School and always seemed to be contented. DATE OF ENTRY FORMAT (Consider font, size, style, page format etc.) LANGUAGE AND STYLE (Sentence structure, vocab, repetition etc) EVENTS January 15 Small writing Expresses his emotions and feelings His dad leaves February 25 Small writing About his feelings He got embarrassed in front of the class. March 6 Normal writing Expresses his emotions Getting bullied by Todd and his mates. May 13 Capital letters, bold writing. About his feelings and emotions He hates himself and wants to die. Avalon had been guilty of judging Alice the whole time jumping to the conclusion that weather it was her or not, Avalon ended up feeling regretful later. ^Table above Character Alias (THEY ARE DEVELOPED THROUGH-OUT THE ENTRIES): Alice – a mean, heartless, popular girl who cared for nothing and had no heart Tamara – thinking she was a very odd and scary looking person ( unfriendly) Marshal – Gay Jeremy – a friendly easy-going guy Avalon will move on positively from her torment proving Marshal’s prophecy correct, but she will never forget the friend she lost. Alice turned the popular girls against her, this in turn turned most other people against her, and she did play a major role against Avalon but did not make up lies or rumors. Dragon Girl did not want to lose Avalon as a friend as she had with Alice, she has always lost to the popular girls and thus she turned everyone against her so Avalon would stay in the group and not leave them. It would have been easier to know that Alice was Dragon Girl as Avalon already disliked her, Dragon Girl would have just increased her anger and rage I noticed Avalon was exposed to a wide range of emotions and situations, which differed to what she would’ve faced in the country, but I believe this was hard for her at first but she soon adapted and her personality and  mental strength increase dramatically. She proved to be a very strong and caring person then many believe she could ever be.

Valley Archive Collections

Valley Archive Collections The modern world as well as the future needs historical accounts in order to be aware of how events have changed with time. There are a number of ways of learning about the past. However, archives provide very important resources that give an account of the past. It is therefore crucial for communities to be informed about the importance of valuing and keeping their archives containing precious historical documents.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Valley Archive Collections specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The archives will protect useful documents, diaries, catalogues, reference books, photographs, music, films, minutes, letters, land records, newspapers, censuses and correspondence which will be invaluable for future generations. The essay discuses the power and potential of the Valley Archive collections, a project which happens to be part of the Virginia Center for Digital History at the University of Virginia. T he modern world has witnessed tremendous information, communication and technological advancements. Virtually all sectors in the society have made efforts to integrate these significant developments. Historians have not been left behind as far as keeping important records that gives an account of the past is concerned. The Valley of the Shadow is a digital archive of very crucial sources of information about the people of Augusta County, Virginia, and Franklin County, Pennsylvania, during the period of the American Civil War between 1859 and 1870. Most archives contain very limited documentation of the past which makes them look like digital books. However, the Valley of the Shadow archive is more like a large digital library that provides an account of thousands of original documents that paints a clear picture of how men and women of Augusta and Franklin counties lived during the Civil War in America. Despite its huge size, the Valley Archive Project is well structured and easy to use. It contains thousands of census and government records which include maps and images, land and church records, official statistics, and tax records, letters and diaries, newspapers and speeches, and they all provide very detailed information about the day to day activities of people in the two counties during the time of the war. The three major sections into which the archive is divided make it easier to browse and access preferred information. The Eve of the War (1859-1861), The War Years (spring 1861-spring 1865), and The Aftermath (1865-1870) are the three sections of the Valley Archive. The click of a mouse on each section of interest enables one to take a tour into this virtual library. As one goes deeper into the library, one gets access to original documentation of most sectors of the society in the two counties at the time of the Civil War. Archives, therefore, are invaluable sources of historical accounts of any given society.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More With the nature of the Valley Archive Project, it is evident that historical accounts can be integrated with scientific and technological advancements that make it easier for historians to access various accounts of the past. This ease of accessing historical information helps researchers in conducting investigations through the analysis of original documentations in their digital form. We can conclude, therefore, that without archives, there is no history. Work Cited University of Virginia (2009). The Valley of the Shadow. Retrieved from http://valley.lib.virginia.edu/VoS/choosepart.html

5 Keys to Better Sentence Flow

5 Keys to Better Sentence Flow 5 Keys to Better Sentence Flow 5 Keys to Better Sentence Flow By Mark Nichol Sentences can be short. They can also be long. This is a good thing. Lack of variety is wearying. It may drive you to distraction. It’s a good thing that sentences can be short or long, because lack of variety is wearying and may drive you to distraction. Which paragraph was easier to read? If you’re like me (and why wouldn’t you be?), you’ll pick the latter example, which employs combination and subordination (the process of making one of two sentences part of the other). It’s easy to get caught up in a ratcheted conveyor belt of short, staccato sentences, but it’s also simple to introducing some variety of sentence length through these two frequently paired strategies. 1. â€Å"The money was doled out in what are known as State Revolving Funds. These are pots of cash that finance each state’s drinking-water and clean-water infrastructure improvements. â€Å" If a sentence constitutes a definition for a term introduced in the previous sentence, delete the subject from the defining sentence and link the two sentences: â€Å"The money was doled out in what are known as State Revolving Funds, pots of cash that finance each state’s drinking-water and clean-water infrastructure improvements.† 2. â€Å"The most famous was called the Wonder Fountain. The attraction shot river water 150 feet into the air from a round pool. It drew visitors from Charlotte and beyond.† This â€Å"See Dick run. See Jane run.† succession is easily folded together: Delete the first verb and make the noun phrase after it an appositive. Link the defining sentence to it as a parenthetical phrase, and emerge from that phrase to close with an additional phrase consisting of the final sentence shorn of its subject. The result: â€Å"The most famous, the Wonder Fountain, which shot river water 150 feet into the air from a round pool, drew visitors from Charlotte and beyond.† 3. â€Å"Religious or purely spiritual models are found in several faiths. They are often considered folk models because they derive from the rank-and-file citizenry.† A sentence that provides additional detail about the previous sentence can often, absent its subject, be inserted into the midst of the first sentence as a parenthetical phrase: â€Å"Religious or purely spiritual models, often considered folk models because they derive from the rank-and-file citizenry, are found in several faiths.† 4. â€Å"He stood in front of the half-empty San Luis Reservoir, built in 1962 to store water for the feds’ Central Valley Project. He painted a Dust Bowl-grim picture of Central Valley’s storied farming economy.† Replace a sentence’s subject with a participle (a verb with an -ing ending), then clip the following sentence’s subject and tack the rest of the sentence on: â€Å"Standing in front of the half-empty San Luis Reservoir, built in 1962 to store water for the feds’ Central Valley Project, he painted a Dust Bowl–grim picture of Central Valley’s storied farming economy.† 5. â€Å"Following the principles of Ayurvedic medicine, the flavors, numbering six, are defined as follows: sweet, sour, bitter, salty, astringent, and spicy. These flavors are divided into six categories, which are associated with earth, water, and fire.† When combining and subordinating sentences, look for opportunities to make a passage more concise as well. Stating the number of listed flavors is superfluous, and â€Å"are defined as follows† is a verbose and unnecessary obstacle between the reader and the list. Note, too, how em dashes are employed in order to avoid a bewildering succession of commas: â€Å"Following the principles of Ayurvedic medicine, the flavors- divided into categories associated with earth, water, and fire- are sweet, sour, bitter, salty, astringent, and spicy.† Successions of sentences don’t always merit these steps, but judicious application will improve the flow of your writing. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Types of LanguageConnotations of 35 Words for Funny PeopleRunning Errands and Doing Chores

Mary Wilkins-Freeman Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Mary Wilkins-Freeman - Research Paper Example Mary Wilkins Freeman is considered as one of the earliest feminist writers and placed at the same category with the writers like Harriet Beecher Stowe and  Sarah Orne Jewett. Critics find her work many a times quite provincial and they claim they are too oriented to New England. But new critics find an inherent feminist call in all her works. There is a story of struggle and women empowerment in all her stories that mark and initiate the trajectory of modern women and feminist discourse. Freeman’s story projects series of character and she is famous for her art of characterization. Critics view that the stories of Wilkins presents Randolph neighbourhood. This essay intends to study the characters from the stories, ‘New England Nun’, ‘A Church Mouse’, ‘Old Woman Magoun’ and his famous story, ‘The Revolt of Mother’ which was also broadcasted and dramatized in PBS in the recent past, and relates the lives of the protagonist of these stories with that of Wilkins and explores the reflection of the life of an individual writer made universal and relative through the immense and intense portrayal of life-like characters. Comparative Study of the Protagonists of Short Stories: New England Nun, A Church Mouse, The Revolt of Mother and Old Woman Magoun and Analysis of their Life with that of Wilkins’ Own Story To analyse the conflict of paradoxical voices within conscience of the protagonists of the stories like ‘New England Nun’, ‘A Church Mouse’, The Revolt of Mother’ and ‘Old Woman Magoun’ and to establish relative contexts with that of the Wilkins’ life, it is important to have a brief look at the writer’s life and these stories individually. A close look at the life of Wilkins enables the reader to understand the kind of struggle the woman has undergone and as a first generation working woman the kind of struggle she had to face in order to strike the balance between her profession and family. As a writer and a conscious citizen, she had a pertinent rebellious spirit captivated within her body and therefore had to fight a consistent and relentless battle between her inner voice that always had tried to stand against the orthodox social and religious constraints and the other voice did not permit out to be a staunch rebel and instead guided her to the path of calm domesticity. Torn asunder under the paradoxes of self and inner conscience, Mary Wilkins Freeman chosen the medium of literature to speak out her mind and aware the society of her thoughts. Under these circumstances of writer’s life it is quite pertinent that the reflections of these paradoxes are deciphered in the characters of her stories. â€Å"New England Nun† is a story of a woman named Lousia Ellis and the story was published in the year 1891. The protagonist of the story is Louisa Ellis, who has spend a major portion of her life alone wit h her pet dog Caesar whom she thinks better to be chained always as it had bitten a neighbour when it was a puppy. Lousia is shown eccentric by nature who is always obsessed with cleanliness of her home and is shown wearing double apron and busy in cleaning her house, books and she prefers to eat in her clean china every day. Lousia promised her beloved, Joe Dagget before leaving for fortune hunting to Australia that she will marry her. After 14 years when

Forum Post Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Forum Post - Assignment Example Recently, there has been increased use of drones for air strikes on enemy territory. Currently, the use of real-time information has facilitated tracking, supplying acquisitions and for improved ability in sensing danger and responding to the altercations immediately. In addition, the establishment of military bases in foreign countries is another warfare strategy adopted to enhance military response time. World War II presented a unique opportunity for the application of cutting edge technological advancements in modern warfare. This was in order to gain a competitive advantage over an enemy. The war (1939-1945), was unique in that it marked the beginning of many changes and challenges that not only affected logical support and weaponry, but also medicine, intelligence and communication. In terms of military grade weaponry advancement, there were many advancements in terms of small arms and aircraft machinery. During the war, there were significant changes made in terms of ballistic missiles, the use of jet aircrafts and other military grade weapons utilized today. In terms of the small arms, new weapons with better recoil and bullet capacity began to be produced. In addition, the war marked the first time that nuclear weapons were used to defeat an enemy and it led to the development of warfare logistics aimed at countering the effects of a nuclear explosion. Head argues that during WW2, there was greater need for the supply of ammunitions, logistics and food to combat soldiers who were very far from their home bases. There was also need for faster deployment of logistical support to ensure the soldiers’ survival and sustainability. There was a slight shift from predominantly relying on railways to using aircrafts and sea vessels for replenishing the armed forces in combat. The adoption of large scale motorized transport aided in tactical replenishment of supplies to soldiers in order to maintain

Huntington's Disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Huntington's Disease - Essay Example This disease can develop at any age, however, it is most common between the ages of 30 to 50. HD was previously known as Huntington’s chorea. Chorea means jerky, involuntary movements. This paper provides a description of Huntington’s disease including its causes, symptoms, and treatment. Causes HD is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 4. This disease causes part of DNA, known as a CAG repeat, to replicate itself more than it is supposed to (Lawrence, 2009). In normal conditions, this part of DNA section is repeated 10 to 28 times. However, in HD patients, it is repeated 36 to 120 times. Since this is a hereditary disease, the number of repeats tends to get bigger down the subsequent generations. Therefore, children having a larger number of repeats tend to develop symptoms of this disease at early ages. This condition affects basal ganglia that control balance and movement in human beings (WebMD, 2011). In the region of basal ganglia, HD mainly targets neurons of the striatum, especially those in the pallidum and caudate nuclei. There are two types of Huntington’s disease: adult-onset Huntington’s disease, which is the most common, and an early-onset form, which begins in childhood or adolescent stages of development (Lawrence, 2009). How HD is inherited HD is a disease that is passed from parents to children through misspelling or mutation in the normal gene, and it is found in every part of the world. A single abnormal gene can lead to the development of this disease. Genes are made up of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA): which is a molecule that exists as spiral ladder (HDSA, 2008). Every strand of DNA is made up of two paired chemicals known as bases. These bases include adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C) and guanine (G). Bases usually pair together, and combine with other pairs to form coded messages. Genes, therefore, exist as long strands of paired bases in various combinations. A normal human being has approximately 30, 000 genes, which determine a person’s traits and characteristics (HDSA, 2008). The effect of genes on determining an individual’s characteristics depends on whether it is dominant or recessive. When a gene is dominant, only a single chromosome is needed to produce its effect, and when it is recessive, pair of chromosome copies is required to produce a characteristic or trait. HD is a dominant disorder that is caused by a copy of a defective gene, which is inherited from one parent (HDSA, 2008). The defective gene that produces HD is a sequence of DNA on the chromosome 4, which is made up of several base pairs that repeat themselves many times. A normal gene is usually composed of three DNA bases, made up of the sequence CAG. In HD patients, this sequence normally repeats itself several times, and the number of repeats becomes larger in the subsequent generations. Parents have two copies of chromosomes each, but they only donate one copy to each child (HDSA, 2008). A ch ild born of HD parents has 50-50 chance of developing this disease. Any child, who does not inherit a copy of HD gene from parents, can never develop this condition, and he or she cannot pass it to the next generations. Children who inherit HD gene may not show symptoms of this disease in early ages, but later in their lives. It has also been shown that some people develop this condition even if there is no family history of HD. It is believed that this is caused by a new genetic mutation, a process

Would you expect an increase in a minimum wage to help or hurt Essay Example for Free

Would you expect an increase in a minimum wage to help or hurt Essay Increasing the minimum statutory wage has much far-reaching implications . Research indicate that this has a major impact on the business, employment and labor market. Studies done on its impact show that the increase very probably leads to reduction of employment more so for the young and unskilled who typically get engaged in lower income jobs. So if the increase in minimum wage is not beneficial to the general economy, is it helpful to the labor force it ought to benefit? On a positive note or rather short term the increase will mean that the workers will have an increased disposable income therefore they will be in a position to meet their needs more comfortably than they did before the increase. On the other hand the increase is just minimal therefore it adds very little to the income of the workers in general. This method has been found to be an ineffective tool for poverty reduction due to such negative impacts which mainly affect the people it ought to benefit. (Neumark, D and Wascher, W 1992) An increase in minimum wage forces the employers to respond in certain ways, studies indicate that when minimum wages increase the employers often tend to reduce the fringe benefits for the workers and at the same time reduce trainings for the employees. They embark on a cost cutting measures so as to fill the gap created by the funds which go towards the increment. Such a move will affect the worker as he or she will enjoy less benefits. In a matter of fact they might continue taking home the same amount of money or even less due to reduction or withdrawal of benefits. The cost cutting measures may deny a worker a chance to progress in a career when on job training as a benefit is done away with. On the same note to manage the business spending the employer may even end up reducing the hours of work further reducing the wage. (Neumark, D and Wascher, W 1992) An increase in the minimum statutory wage may be a good thing in the short term, but it has a negative impact to the worker since the employers will have to act in a certain way to ensure that they continue to enjoy the same profits margin as they did before. Reference Neumark, D and Wascher, W (1992) Employment effects of minimum and sub minimum wages: Panel Data on State Wage Laws, Industrial and Labor Relations Review, vol 46

The Morality of Euthanasia Essay -- mercy killing essay

People have the right to medical care, but pain and suffering for a person has to be one of the toughest things in life to deal with. In the health care world, few topics create a debate as heated as euthanasia. Euthanasia comes from the Greek word meaning good death. Euthanasia is the practice of ending the life of a person either by lethal injection or the suspension of medical treatment. Most religious beliefs say that God is the only one that has the right to decide the termination of any life. Euthanasia should be a person’s right of choice legally and ethically. People are faced with choices on a daily basis throughout their lives. Having the choice of euthanasia allows a quick, humane, and painless way to end pain and suffering. Even though a religious belief in God to end life and a person’s right to receive treatment, euthanasia should be a person’s choice because it is quick, humane, painless, and ends pain and suffering. Within the past twenty years th ere are presently countries or states that allow euthanasia as a means to end pain and suffering as a person’s right of choice. The newest state to add to the chart below is Montana in 2010. Religious beliefs make a persuasive argument against euthanasia. Religious beliefs are against euthanasia for God’s will to make the decision for a person’s final hour, yet a person should not suffer. According to most religions a person is not allowed to commit suicide and a person is not allowed to kill another. A person choosing euthanasia to end their pain and suffering would be a form of suicide. â€Å"Euthanasia is the logical form course of action for anyone who is not living a life of faith, hope, and love- that is, for the vast majority of the population on this planet. The on... ...es to help debunk ‘lies’. The Christian Century, 126(19), p18. Retrieved February 5, 2010, from Thompson Gale database. Collier, R. (2009, October 13). Euthanasia debate reignited. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal, 181.3, 462-463. Retrieved February 5, 2010, from Thompson Gale database. "Euthanasia." The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2008. Retrieved February 05, 2010 From Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-euthanas.html Walker, D. (2009, October). Regarding the pain of others. First Things: A Monthly Journal of Religion and Public Life, 196, 2-3. Retrieved February 5, 2010, from Thompson Gale database. Williams, G. (2009, October). Assisted suicide and euthanasia: A natural law ethics approach. King’s Law Journal, 20.3, 553-556. Retrieved February 5, 2010, from Thompson Gale database.

All societies and cultures place a great emphasis on the differences between males and females

All societies and cultures place a great emphasis on the differences between males and females. When a child is born we categorise its gender as being either male or female, or of either being a girl or a boy, and depending on which of these categories you fall in to will have a huge bearing on how your life will evolve. Some basic facts can serve as starting points. The unique reproductive capacities of females normally mark their lives by menstruation, pregnancy, parturition, lactation, and menopause. Males are, on average, larger and have greater physical strength than females in the same population. The burden of evidence also indicates that males are more aggressive, although this is not as well established as the facts of physical morphology and reproductive capacity (Nadelson, pg 3, 1991) However, as Nadelson states none of these capacities or apparent predispositions are uniformly translated into adaptive outcomes across human populations because of variations in technology, socioeconomic organisation, and cultural values. Female reproduction can be halted by celibacy or infertility or delayed by the use of contraception, and lactation can be avoided by using infant formula. The strength of males can diminish as machinery becomes available to do the heavy work. The aggressiveness of young males, though valuable for defence can become socially disruptive if there is no need for local troops. Behavioural differences between boys and girls can be reduced in later childhood when they are raised together and boys perform tasks defined as feminine. Thus the existence of gender specific capacities does not predict how or to what extent they will be used for purposes of adaptation. (Nadelson, pg 4, 1991) Field work carried out by anthropologists within non Western societies provide support for this point, in the East African highlands, where ploughs and animals are absent, the heavy work of cultivation is done largely by women. The same women carry 50-pound loads on their heads over considerable distances, in addition to bearing and raising children and managing their homes. Anthropologists use the term socialisation as a concept to mean the teaching that prepares the young to be competent members of their society. Training children to fit gender roles and to internalise the benefits and values appropriate to performing their roles in all situations and social instructions is a primary job of socialisers the world over. (Herdt, pg 68, 1987) Throughout history many people have long since argued to what extent culture can shape gender and what influences gender identity. The physical appearance of someone, the way they dress and how they act are all supposed to be characteristics of being either male or female. All cultures have acceptable roles based on the sex of the individual and these roles are determined by a person's position within their family and society. Many argue that gender roles are culturally rather than biologically produced and whiles a person's sex refers to biological differences between male and females, it is through gender socialisation that a person acquires his or her gender. It is through this process that a person learns what is masculine and feminine, and how to act accordingly, dependant on the surroundings he or she is in. (www. sociology. org. uk/tecelth. htm) Giddens states that when speaking of sexual differences we are distinguishing between males and females, when speaking of gender it is between masculine and feminine. The content of the male / female distinction is genetically determined and largely universal, whereas the content of the masculine / feminine distinction is culturally determined and highly variable. Giddens, pg 148, 1987) Depending on the society in which we live depends on the activities and characteristics donated to males and females, and while these may be deemed as natural within their own unique culture this may not be so throughout all of society. An example of this being the rituals carried out within the Sambia, an initiation takes place were the main purpose is to make boys big and strong and to make them aggressive warriors. They have to be removed from their mothers and other females as this will also remove their feminine traits, such as shyness and crying. The initiation process involves ridding them of these feminine traits and unlearning all of their so far learnt behaviour. They have to learn how to be masculine. However, this is also a slight two fold initiation in that the Sambia believe that as the male body is incapable of producing semen it has to be externally acquired, as the presence of semen in the body is a sign of masculinity. The semen is digested orally, provided by older members of the men's secret society. The boys will never be allowed back to theirs mothers again and will remain with the other male members of the tribe throughout their childhood, teenage years and early manhood. The female is seen as weaker and the boys can not be allowed to be weakened by her. (Herdt, pg 68, 1987) As has already been identified different societies define gender roles in a variety of different ways, however what is evident is that regardless of culture or society, males tend to always have more power and more authority than women. Giddens, pg 149, 1987) Anthropologists such as George Peter Murdoch argue that biological differences such as the greater physical strength of men and the fact that women bear children lead to a sexual division of labour in society. Murdoch surveyed 224 societies and found that tasks such as hunting, lumbering and mining are usually part of the male role, while cooking and child care were usually assigned to the women. Murdoch states that women were handicapped by the physiological burdens of pregnancy and nursing. (Haralambos, pg 267, 1986) The rise of the Women's Liberation Movement have contributed to the criticism that gender roles are shaped by biology, and more are now arguing that the roles of men and women are determined by culture and are therefore learned as part of the socialisation process, and ultimately there is nothing natural about the roles that women play. It is all learnt behaviour, and as Marjorie Garber states in Vested Interest (1991) the reason that that female to male transgendered people are not generally seen as that remarkable as their male to female equivalents is because it is quite normal in our male dominated culture for a woman to want to become a man, as it is still recognised that social power is most often attached to being male. Even Sigmund Freud's theory on gender was based on the idea that the ownership of a penis reflects masculinity and power, and being female means simply being absent of a penis. Girls, he states suffer from â€Å"penis envy† and due to this they under value their mother's position in the family because she lacks a penis. The father is therefore generally in power and makes all females within the family adopt a submissive attitude. This is referred to by Freud as the Electra Complex. Freud's theory comes in for a lot of criticism by many, as most of his analysis is based solely on biological differences, namely the ownership of a penis. However, as Mark Johnson discovered whilst carrying out fieldwork in the Southern Philippines the ownership of a penis is not always a sign of masculinity and it is rather what is done with it. The ‘bantut' he discovered was thought of by almost all of the community as a man who was either sexually impotent in some way, or who had a small penis, or who was unable to have or sustain an erection (Johnson, pg 94, 1997) It could not be conceived that the ‘bantut' chose this way of life and the desire to be elegant and sensual, to take care over their appearance, to appreciate beauty, to be vulnerable and protected, to be tender and caring, to be coy and flirtatious. As in many cultures there are two types of gender, male and female, masculine or feminine. Transgender is a term that has over recent years entered the vocabulary as a term to designate to anyone not covered by the term, man or woman (www. glbthistory. org/about/ourstory/tg-at-hs. lasso) However, it should be noted that transgender people, along with homosexuals, women and any number of racial and ethnic groups have joined the ranks of being publicly recognised minorities. www. badsubjects. com/issueno7/1993/annaleenewitz) In Cross-Dressing and Re-Dressing: Transvestism as Metaphor, Gilbert and Gubar remark that both Violet Trefusis and Vita Sackville-West wrote about their experiences of there being more than one possibility of opposite genders: In 1920, when Vita Sackville West looked back on her exuberant impersonation of the wounded soldier, ‘Julian' during the height of her post war love affair with Violet Trefusis, she was bemused. She had experienced herself, she remembered, as inhabited by several sexes: â€Å"I hold the conviction that as centuries go on the sexes will become more nearly merged on account of their increasing resemblances† (Gilbert & Gumar, pg 324, 1989) Clearly, this has not happened, eighty six years on and although, although it is not illegal for a man to wear women's clothing, we would certainly not appear to be moving towards a gender free, multi-gender or even gender-balanced society, despite living in an age were hairstyles and clothing have such a huge impact on how we perceive a person and their individuality. Why in the twenty first century is it still more acceptable for a man to carry a knife than to wear women's clothes, and why is it still so clear that they are women's clothes. (Suthrell, pg 9, 2004) The area of gender is a very confusing and at times very cloudy one. It appears that studies throughout history have shown that there are explicit differences between sex and gender and that it is society which transforms biological males and females into sociological men and women. Children it appears discover their gender identity from their parents and parents construct their identity by ensuring that they pursue interests and adopt mannerisms that are stereotypical of a male or female within their society. This means that from a very early age the child knows which gender category he or she falls into. In Western society it could be argued that the media plays a huge role in depicting how males and females should behave, with women usually portrayed in the traditional role of mother and wife, or damsel in distress. Indeed, many fairytales, which have a huge influence on children still tend to portray men as the heroic male, who along with saving the planet will ultimately also have to save the female too. Even in non Western societies were the media have very little or no influence gender roles are still very apparent, Ian Hogbin's account of childbirth and the role of men in a New Guinea villages gives an account of men supposedly being too clumsy and unskilled to minister to a tiny infant, and therefore, the father does not touch his young offspring. After about two weeks the women may give it to him for a few minutes, but six months elapse before he holds it for any length of time. (Hogbin, pg 58, 1963) From birth this child will know his or her place within the village and thus history continues to repeat itself. Nobody within the village will question why things are done this way and social pressure will ensure that this is how things continue. It could therefore be assumed that it is in fact social pressure which ensures that most within society conform to the gender role bequeathed to them, a role which they are led to believe is â€Å"normal† and this is why those who elect their own gender, whether that be male, female or something entirely different are usually pushed out of society and not accepted.

Cloning human Beings is not ethical Essay

† Here Dickens abruptly changes the atmosphere and creates one of sadness and regret, and so he uses his mutual technique to change the atmosphere in reflection to Scrooges feelings, and he does this here to link the moral message with emotive feelings the reader is experiencing, to make it more powerful. Here he is aiming to imply that you will regret not giving money and love to the more unfortunate than you, even if you don’t feel that way at the time. Further on in this chapter, Dickens creates powerful atmospheres to develop his moral message further. He most notably does this when Scrooge enters his joyful old boss’ (Fezziwig) warehouse where he was apprenticed. Whilst Dickens is describing the Christmas event as happy and ecstatic, this develops a powerful atmosphere by numerous significant ways. For example, whilst the event is happening, he repeats over and over again: â€Å"In came†¦ in came†¦ in came†¦ in came,† to describe the entry of the guests at Fezziwig’s event, and Dickens uses this to develop an atmosphere and a theme of joyfulness and togetherness, and that consequently shows, due to Dickens’ recurring technique, that the intended effect on the reader is to make him/her feel happy. This suggests that nearly everyone was keen to be celebrating Christmas together by all appearing one by one at this event. He is intending the reader therefore to feel part of the happy occasion, and this is emphasized by the fact that lots of people are coming, which essentially suggests that everyone is welcome. This conveys richly with the spirit and meaning of Christmas that Dickens is attempting to put forward in his moral message, through the use of this atmosphere. He is expressing that Christmas time is a time for sharing and spending time with your family and friends, which is reflected in Scrooge’s youth, but contrasts with Scrooge’s life at present. Therefore, this makes Scrooge, due to the ‘Ghost of Christmas Past’, think more about how he is acting at the present, where he is anti-social and refuses to acknowledge that he has to be sharing and caring during Christmas time. As well as successfully creating, building, and developing atmospheres to develop a moral message in chapter two, Dickens uses suspense in chapter 4 to try and make the effect of the moral message more powerful to the reader by using a darker theme. Dickens creates a spookier and sinister atmosphere straight away at the start of chapter four, and he does this so the reader can then appreciate the suspense. Dickens does this because he intends the reader to get gripped into the darker theme and storyline, and as said above, this makes the moral message more influential to the reader. For instance, he does this at the start of chapter four, when Dickens describes the entrance of the ‘Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come’ as he writes: â€Å"The Phantom slowly, gravely, silently approached. The very air through which this Spirit moved seemed to scatter gloom and mystery. † This creates sudden suspense and it also creates a dark theme to lay the foundations for this chapter. Then, Dickens creates more suspense by not making the ghost/phantom talk. By doing this, Dickens is deliberately developing suspense by leaving the reader in the unknown, and is equally implying by this that everyone is going to die at some point, due to the dark theme and the places this ghost takes Scrooge to. In addition, making the ghost just use its hands to guide the way for Scrooge makes him as a result become more timorous and this adds to the suspense and atmosphere. Dickens uses even more clever techniques to draw the reader’s attention and make them even more aware of the moral message. He writes: â€Å"`It’s likely to be a very cheap funeral,’ said the same speaker;’ for upon my life I don’t know of anybody to go to it. Suppose we make up a party and volunteer. ‘ `I don’t mind going if a lunch is provided,’ observed the gentleman with the excrescence on his nose. `But I must be fed, if I make one. ‘† The man’s attitude here is that he does not take Scrooge’s death seriously and is using it as an opportunity to make a joke out of. Dickens uses powerful dramatic irony as the reader knows that those people were talking about Scrooge, however, Scrooge is not aware of this until later. Dickens does this appropriately in the light of the darker theme, because he intends to again powerfully convey his moral message to the reader, and because he portrays those people to be talking carelessly about Scrooge, and approaching his death with a considerable amount of blasi , he hopes to indirectly tell the reader that if you spend your life keeping all your riches to yourself and not being generous and kind-hearted, nobody will care about you and show respect for you when you are dead. – Scrooge is used as an example to what the fate is of those who do not follow Dickens’ moral message. Another example of suspense and atmosphere revealing this moral message is when ‘old Joe’ and ‘Mrs Dilber’ are pictured having stolen a bundle of Scrooge’s possessions and are looking through them. Dickens builds on the uncanny atmosphere and theme he has created in chapter four, and writes about more people talking indifferently about Scrooge’s death: â€Å"`If he wanted to keep them after he was dead, a wicked old screw,’ pursued the woman,’ why wasn’t he natural in his lifetime. If he had been, he’d have had somebody to look after him when he was struck with Death, instead of lying gasping out his last there, alone by himself. ‘† This later extract ceases to be dramatic irony once Scrooge has found out that these people had been talking about his death, and therefore it plays an important part in the development of Scrooge’s characterisation, because after having seen the consequences of his unkind and selfish behaviour with all three ghosts, his reactions to this dialogue suggest that he wants to change his character, and this is confirmed soon after when he wakes up in chapter five, and greets everyone a ‘Merry Christmas’ in the street.. In conclusion, it would be fair and accurate to say that this novel was written solely for the purpose of getting the people of Victorian Britain to change their attitudes towards the ‘deserving’ and the ‘undeserving poor’, through the use of haunting and ghosts. It was intended to deliver its moral message through the use of atmosphere and suspense, and to convey this message through varying themes. On the whole I have thoroughly enjoyed reading this novel, especially chapter two whilst looking through Scrooge’s past, as it reveals a lot of what his true inner personality is, regardless of what his spiteful character is described as in chapter one. I also like this novel as it has a fitting end regarding the moral message, which is, in this case, we all have the possibility to change our personality for the good. My opinion is that Dickens without a doubt achieves all his intentions with the successful use of the Ghosts of Christmas Past, Present, and Yet to Come being the key in Scrooge’s characterisation and Dickens’ utter proficiency in the art of the English language enables us to depict his novel as a fine one. And, as for Scrooge’s journey, it is a lesson to be learnt from by all of us, in any era.

Islam and Western Europe Essay Example

Islam and Western Europe Essay Example Islam and Western Europe Essay Islam and Western Europe Essay WHAP CH. 9 10 Reading Instructions: Copy this exam into a word document answer the questions. Email me your document. Due by 11:59 on 12/10 (Tuesday Night). Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. C 1. Islam had roots in which set of religious or philosophical traditions? A) Hinduism, Buddhism, and Manichaeism B) Legalism, Daoism, and Confucianism C) Judaism, Christianity, and Zoroastrianism D) Sufism, Sikhism, and Greek rationalism D 2. In Western Europe from 1000 to 1300, power was divided among A) ords, vassals, and serfs. princes, warriors, and farmers. the pope, royal officials, and scholars. kings, nobles, and church leaders. D 3. What initiated the division within Islam between the Sunnis and Shias? A) Fear that Muslims in conquered lands were going native and abandoning Islamic teachings B) The imam Alis new revelation and elaboration of the teachings of Islam C) The belief that Husayn, the son of All, was the real messiah D) Disagreement over who should assume leadership in the Islamic world C 4. Which of the following statements expresses a view of women found in the Quran? A) Women were always to remain veiled and secluded. Women were solely to blame for the existence of evil in the world. C) Women were spiritually equal to men. Women were socially equal to men. B 5. Disagreement over which of the following contributed to the split between the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church? A) A church hierarchy of patriarchs, bishops, and priests Veneration of icons The missionary impulse The religious authority of the Bible B 6. Which of the following is an example of the Byzantine Empires influence on Eurasia? A) Acceptance of Latin as the international language of diplomacy B) Transmission of ancient Greek learning to Western Europe and the Islamic world C) Control of the trade routes along the Silk Roads and across the Sahara D) Spread of Eastern Orthodox Christianity to North Africa and Central Asia D 7. In the eleventh century, the religious culture of the Byzantine Empire had a significant impact on A) the rulers of the Axum state in Ethiopia. the Nestorian church in China. e Roman Catholic Church in Western Europe. Slavic-speaking peoples in the Balkans and Russia. B 8. Which of the following characterizes the spread of Christianity throughout Western Europe from 500 to 1000? A) Christian missionaries destroyed pagan temples and idols. Earlier cultural practices were absorbed into the Christian tradition. C) The Church focused on converting people in the countryside. Coercion was never used because th e Church did not condone the use of force. B 9. Which of the following was a long-term impact of the Crusades in Europe? A) I ne crusades weakened slgnlTlcantly tne Innuence 0T lurKlc-speaKlng peoples In Islamic world. B) Spain, Sicily, and the Baltic region permanently Joined the world of Western Christendom. C) Animosity from the Crusades ended the flow of Muslim learning into Europe. D) People from the Middle East migrated to Europe in large numbers. C 10. Which of the following is an example ofa role assumed by the ulama? A) Rulers Warriors Judges Doctors A 11. During the period from 1000 to 1300, the rulers in which region held the least power? A) Western Europe The Byzantine Empire China Russia B 12. What advantage did the Byzantine Empire have that enabled it to survive as a political entity for a thousand years longer than the western part of the Roman Empire? A) Assimilation to Germanic culture More territory under its control A longer frontier A stronger military C 13. Besides Islam, which of the following was also a target of Western European crusaders? A) Protestantism Roman catnollclsm Eastern Orthodox Christianity Buddhism D 14. Why was the city of Mecca important? A) Jews, Christians, and Muslims all regarded it as the Holy Land. B) It was the only city in pre-lslamic Arabia that enjoyed a high degree of social equality. It was a crossroad for all the major long-distance trade routes. D) It was the site of the Kaaba where pilgrims congregated. In contrast to the spread of Buddhism and Christianity, the early spread B 15. of Islam A) occurred at a much slower pace. gave rise to a large empire. was limited to the immediate vicinity of its birthplace. was checked by surrounding older civilizations. B 16. Which of the following describes the relationship between politics and eligion in Western Europe from 500 to 1300? A) Rulers were appointed by the pope of the Catholic Church. Rulers provided protection for the Church in return for religious legitimacy. C) The ruler was the head of both the state and the Church. The pope was the head of both the state and the Church. A 17. The Arab Empire that accompanied the spread of Islam stretched from A) Spain to India. Mesoamerica to Madagascar. the Andes to the Himalayas. the Gulf of Mexico to the Red Sea. wnlcn 0T tne Tollowlng was period from 600 to 1 500? A) Anatolia West Africa India Southeast Asia tne most tnorougnly Islamlzea region In B 19. Sufi practitioners facilitated the conversion to Islam of people living in Anatolia and India by A) promoting the enforcement of the sharia by local Islamic rulers. B) emphasizing personal experience of the divine, rather than the law. C) initiating campaigns to close Christian and Hindu schools. freeing large numbers of slaves who agreed to convert. C 20. Which of the following religious traditions blended elements of Hinduism and Islam? A) Sunni Islam Shia Islam Sikhism Sufism